The Night Time is the Right Time (Long nights don't have to be short on fun: unabridged)

Thinking Outside the Classroom
Joel Egbert, Camp Director

The night time is the right time. Why does it get so dark so early? We are approaching winter solstice, a time each year where Earth is angled as far away from the sun as possible. This means shorter days and longer nights. It will occur between December 21 and 22 and Keystone Science School is here to help you prepare for all of this wonderful night!

How do we prepare? This is a time to open your eyes. Now that its getting darker much earlier there is a chance for you to see things you’re not used to seeing. Our bodies are ready for less light. We have special cells in our eyes that allow us to see in the dark. These cells are called rods because of their shape. Rods react to the smallest increase or decrease  in light. Rods contain a photosensitive pigment that allows them to react very quickly, however for the 90 million rods in each eye to all be ready for darkness, it takes a few moments.

    Try this: With an adults supervision light a candle in a  dark room. Once the candle is lit, cover one eye with your hand or an eye patch. Take turns telling stories for about 10 minutes. Make sure your looking at the candle with your uncovered eye. Blow out the candle and carefully look around the room. What’s different? Blink one eye at a time, from left to right. Now do the same thing with the lights on in the room. One eye has it’s rods activated while the other doesn’t.

How do animals prepare? Summit County is home to many wonderful creatures that love the night time. If you’re very quiet and turn off your flashlight, you may see a few. Nocturnal animals are animals that spend most of their day out at night. They usually have a very keen sense of smell, hearing and sight. Nocturnal animals have millions of more rods than you or I do - except for bats. Yes, Summit County is home to a few types of bats, specifically the Big Brown Bat, and that’s really what it’s called. However, there’s not a lot of bats due to the high country not having a lot of a bats main food source - flying bugs. Maybe we can find a bat that thinks Mountain Pine Beetle taste like candy? Bats have eyes, but don’t rely on them like we do. The Big Brown Bat uses echolocation to navigate the skies over our ski areas. Echolocation uses sound to see. When a bat screeches that sound escapes their body in waves, these waves move forward and all around until they come into contact with something. A moth. The waves bounce off, carrying the shape of the moth’s body back to the bat’s sensitive ears within 6 thousandths of a second. The bats just “heard” one of its favorite treats and knows exactly where it is. Sorry moth.

    Try this: Grab some friends for this great game. Make a circle of people around 2 others. Inside the circle should be one person that has a blindfold on and another that does not. The person with the blindfold is our mighty Big Brown Bat there person without is the moth. Make sure there is nothing that will hurt the bat or break inside the circle. The circle of friends around the bat and moth are there to keep people safe and in bounds. They must remain silent. The game begins when everyone is ready. When the bat says “squeak” the moth replies with “squeak”. The moth doesn’t want to get caught, so must avoid the bat without touching them. The bat is trying to carefully catch the moth by tagging them. Once the moth is caught you can switch places until everyone gets a turn.

How do parents prepare? With all this extra nighttime it can be tough finding things to do. Look into stargazing, night hikes, and moonlit nordic skiing or snowshoeing. Avoid getting into the habit of coming home and watching TV. Those rods are sensitive cells and as one gets older those cells die off due to erratic light exposure i.e. TV and computer screens. Light a fire, read a book, or enjoy the company of family and friends. Children tend to go to bed earlier during the winter solstice. This is due to increases in melatonin. A chemical found in plants and animals. For us melatonin initiates a sleep response. This is attributed to that photosensitive pigment I mentioned earlier. As the pigment reacts our bodies release relative amounts of melatonin. As the day becomes dim, our heart rate slows, our body temperature lowers, we get drowsy, and eventually we go into a wonderful slumber. The process is the same for children. Avoid unnecessary light as this can disrupt the flow of melatonin and cause irritability. If there is too much bright light exposure the flow of melatonin can come to a halt resulting in a restless night. Ease your child into the process. Read to them, play calming music, or count the stars.

    Try This: Get your child comfortable at night without Mom and Dad. Children as young as 1 1/2 years can start spending the night away from home. This should become a regular routine at age 3. By age 5 your child should be begging for slumber parties. Why is this important? Separation anxiety is a very real thing for young children. It’s a two-way street, if Mom and Dad show stress about a child sleeping away from home it is translated 10 fold to a anxious child. Start of with single nights with Aunts and Uncles or Grandmas and Grandpas. Progress up to a close friend of the family, someone close but not as connected as a relative. Eventually try having your child stay with a friend from school. This is a huge test. A friends home may seem the most foreign. Different smells, furniture, and voices all support this very different challenging experience. Finally, Keystone Science School highly recommends a sleepaway camp experience. Multiple nights, with different people, in a very different place create an formidable challenge with huge rewards. Children must develop coping skills early. These skills can only be learned in the absence of a parent. Your child will be more independent and ready for the real world. The two times in a person’s life where homesickness strikes hard is summer camp and freshman year of college. Believe in your child’s success and it may just happen “overnight”.

Keystone Science School offers 3 night to 5 night camp experiences. Go to www.keystonescienceschool.org for more info.

Joel Egbert is the Camps & Retreats Director of Keystone Science School. He can be reached at camp@keystone.org

Get ready ... here comes winter!

Here in the Rocky Mountains, every creature prepares a little differently for winter. At Keystone Science School, we're bringing out our warm hats, coats and snow boots, and our cook is preparing warm soups and hot meals to give our students extra energy for the winter fun they experience with us. We've also been noticing some changes in the appearance and behavior of some of the creatures that live around us.

How do other Summit County creatures get ready for the cold months?

If you have hiked around Peak 7 in Breckenridge, you may have seen an elk sometime this year. Like humans, elk wear extra layers in winter — except they grow

their own. In autumn, their sleek copper coat is replaced with lighter-colored layers of woolly fur. They also have the ability to make the hairs stand up from their skin, which helps trap air in their coats and insulates them even better.

Our campus is bordered on the northern edge by the Snake River in Keystone. Sometimes, when we're out with students, we've been lucky enough to spot beavers building their dams or lodges. Beavers start their winter preparations in early fall. They stockpile bark-covered branches to eat through the winter (just the bark, not the wood), and they cover their lodges with a layer of fresh mud, which dries and freezes until it is hard as stone, creating a dry space safe from predators. The beavers enter their lodges through a special underwater entrance only they can access.

Although they live in the mountains all around us, black bears prefer to avoid humans and keep to themselves. All throughout the fall, bears' bodies tell them to put on as much extra weight as possible to get them through the long winter, and the healthiest diet for them is a mix of nuts, berries, and insects (this is one reason it's so important to keep human trash away from bears!). You may have heard bears hibernate in the winter, but black bears aren't considered true hibernators because their body temperatures and heart rates don't drop drastically while they sleep. They do, however, spend the months of December to May sleeping in a den created inside a cave, burrow or hollow tree. Female bears sometimes give birth to cubs during hibernation.

We have lots of squirrels on our campus in Keystone, and kids always enjoy watching them scamper from tree to tree. In the fall, we sometimes see one running with a pine cone in its mouth, heading for a secret hiding place to bury it away for later. During the winter, squirrels use their sense of smell to find their buried treasures, which they dig up and take back to their nests or dens to nibble on and share with their families. Sometimes, when a squirrel doesn't find a seed it has hidden, a tree grows there.

This month, get outside and see if you can spot some of these animals or their homes. A great place to see beaver dams and lodges is in Keystone Gulch, off Soda Ridge Road in Keystone. The ponds in Cucumber Gulch in Breckenridge are also a great spot to see beavers, and elk are often seen there as well. Look up at strong, tall trees as you're walking outside and see if you can spot signs of a squirrel family's nest.

Remember that responsible wildlife watching means putting the needs of the animals before our desire to observe them. In order to keep yourself safe and not disturb the animals, it's important to keep a good distance away (bring a pair of binoculars with you to get a better close-up view). Have fun exploring and observing, and get ready for winter.

Oana Ivan is a program instructor at Keystone Science School. She can be reached at camp@keystone.org.

Thinking Outside of the Classroom

The push to “leave no child inside” is on current political agendas across the nation. It’s in all the newspapers and bookstores, all over the internet—the idea of getting young people off the couch, away from TVs and computers, and into the outdoors. It’s what Keystone Science School has been doing for 33 years. Only, we hope not only to get folks outdoors, but also to provide them with critical thinking skills and leadership tools needed to navigate inside board rooms and meeting halls, through challenges in the workplace and heated debates between friends. We use the outdoors as the classroom and the framework to help kids learn about both science and themselves.

We operate Keystone Science School on our 23-acre campus in Keystone. Now, we’re taking it to The Summit Daily with this new monthly column. We hope to serve as a resource for families, a guide for youth, and a thought-provoker for readers. Here’s a little more about us:

In 1975, longtime local Bob Craig founded The Keystone Center as a forum for mediation on contentious scientific policy issues, and started bringing thought leaders and decision-makers from industry, government, and the non-profit community together in Keystone to sit down and work toward solutions together, face to face, without lawyers (he actually took them up on chairlifts – no escaping conversation there). These meetings often resulted in concrete action on tough issues, and Craig began to think about what sort of impact might be made by starting from the ground up, teaching these skills to young people. Kids who grew up with strong critical thinking and problem-solving skills might be better able to solve controversial issues as they matured into adults and policy leaders – and even head those issues off before they became divisive. In 1976, he established Keystone Science School as part of The Keystone Center. Since then, more than 80,000 students have engaged in hands-on activities that encourage them to take a hands-on approach to science, to ask questions, and find their own answers. We’ve pushed them to think differently, broaden their perspectives, and become empowered to affect change in ways that are meaningful to them.

Each month, we’ll take the principles that guide us at the Science School and extend them to you, our community. We’ll bring science to life, focusing on such themes as astronomy, snow science, wildlife, youth development, and just plain getting outdoors to learn. We’ll incorporate ideas for engaging young people in critical thinking and problem-solving in ways that are interesting, relevant to your lives, and fun.

Our trained and experienced staff will collaborate on each month’s topic. We’re lucky to have incredible instructors with a wide range of experiences, all with backgrounds in science and a passion for innovative education. Some of us are experienced teachers, both in and out of the classroom, some have worked at camps most of their lives, and still others are parents who know firsthand what it’s like to be stuck in the house during a winter storm with two children. All of us are fervent believers that the best way to learn is to do.

We invite you to be an active participant in this column by sharing ideas or asking questions about topics relating to science, adventure and fun. If there’s something you’d like to know more about – mountain ecosystems; mining history; how to track local wildlife; or anything else you can dream up – let us know. We look forward to exploring and learning with you.

Ellen Reid is the Director of Keystone Science School. She can be reached at ereid@keystone.org.